Semantic markup are those "things" you add to your HTML code such as <header> <footer> <body> <div> <spans>, etc. that allow you to one) easily organize your text and two) provide you an easy way to style your design.
Without the use of the semantic markup your page would simply be full of various paragraphs, headers, etc. that would need styling. In order to style those elements individually you would have to either do it inline or create a lot of different tags in order to separate your content for styling.
Additionally, as your webpages become larger, more complex or span multiple pages - you will want to label your sections in order to easily identify them for editing (and also styling).
Last but not least, semantic markup helps with search engines and indexing. Your markups help tell the search engine what your context is and how it should be indexed. And if you've ever worked in web you know how important indexing is to get your content out there in search results or in trying to remove it (which is easier said than done)!
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